From NIH's National Toxicology Program, October 2001.
NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY
GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
-IDENTIFIERS
===========
*CATALOG ID NUMBER: 002172
*CAS NUMBER: 108-29-2
*BASE CHEMICAL NAME: VALEROLACTONE,GAMMA-
*PRIMARY NAME: GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
*CHEMICAL FORMULA: C5H8O2
*STRUCTURAL FORMULA: Not printable
*WLN: Not available
*SYNONYMS:
DIHYDRO-5-METHYL-2(3H)-FURANONE
4-HYDROXYPENTANOIC ACID LACTONE
4-HYDROXYVALERIC ACID LACTONE
GAMMA-METHYL-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE
4-METHYL-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE
GAMMA-PENTALACTONE
4-PENTANOLIDE
4-VALEROLACTONE
4-HYDROXYPENTANOIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE
4-METHYLBUTYROLACTONE
TETRAHYDRO-5-METHYL-2-FURANONE
DIHYDRO-5-METHYL-2-FURANONE
5-METHYLTETRAHYDRO-2-FURANONE
4-HYDROXYVALERIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE
5-METHYLBUTYROLACTONE
-PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
======================
*PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Colorless, mobile liquid
REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid
*MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 100.12
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.057 @ 20/4 C [269,275]
*DENSITY: 1.0465 g/mL @ 25 C [017,047]
*MP (DEG C): -31 C [017,205,269,275]
*BP (DEG C): 207-208 C [205,269,275]
*SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : >=100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Not available
ACETONE : >=100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Most organic solvents: Miscible [062]
Most resins: Miscible [062]
Most waxes: Miscible [062]
Zein: Slightly miscible [062]
Beeswax: Slightly miscible [062]
Petrolatum: Slightly miscible [062]
Anhydrous glycerin: Immiscible [062]
Glue: Immiscible [062]
Casein: Immiscible [062]
Arabic gum: Immiscible [062]
Soybean protein: Immiscible [062]
*VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 0.5 mm Hg @ 29 C; 3.5 mm Hg @ 51 C; 11.5 mm Hg @ 73 C [601]
Vapor density : 3.45
*FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
This chemical has a flash point of 81 C (178 F) [205,269,275]. It is
combustible. Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry
chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also
be used [042].
*UEL: Not available LEL: Not available
*REACTIVITY:
This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents [042,269]. It
is also incompatible with strong acids, strong bases and strong reducing
agents [269].
*STABILITY:
This chemical is stable under normal laboratory conditions. Solutions of this
chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours
under normal lab conditions (RAD).
*OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Specific gravity: 1.0518 @ 25/25 C [042,062]
Boiling point: 83-84 C @ 13 mm Hg [017,025,047]
Flash point (open cup): 96 C (205 F) [042,062]
Refractive index: 1.4330 @ 20 C; 1.4301 @ 25 C
Crystallizing point: -37 C
pH (anhydrous): 7.0
pH (10% solution in distilled water): 4.2
Vapor pressure: 41.5 mm Hg @ 97 C [601]
-TOXICITY
========
*NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: LU3580000
*TOXICITY: (abbreviations)
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LDLo ims gpg 2500 mg/kg
LD50 orl rat 8800 mg/kg
LD50 orl rbt 2480 mg/kg
*AQTX/TLM96: Not available
*SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: MODERATE via oral route. LOW via oral route.
*CARCINOGENICITY: Not available
*MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
Not available |
*TERATOGENICITY: Not available
*STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: None
ACGIH: None
NIOSH Criteria Document: None
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): None
Flammability (F): None
Reactivity (R): None
*OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MLD
Status: EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
-OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
=======================
*PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Not restricted
*UN/ID NUMBER:
*HAZARD CLASS: SUBSIDIARY RISK: PACKING GROUP:
*LABELS REQUIRED:
*PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: MAXIMUM QUANTITY:
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: MAXIMUM QUANTITY:
*SPECIAL PROVISIONS:
*USES:
Constituent of crude pyroligneous acid, in dye baths (coupling agent), brake
fluid, cutting oils and as a solvent for adhesives, insecticides and lacquers.
*COMMENTS:
This compound is derived from furfural.
-HANDLING PROCEDURES
===================
*ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. It
is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract
[269]. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes of carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide [042,269].
*MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Not available
*RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
GlovES+ Expert System Glove Types For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
This chemical has not been tested for permeation by Radian Corporation;
however, the GlovES+ expert system was used to extrapolate permeation test
information from compounds in the same chemical class. The GlovES+ system uses
permeation data from literature sources; therefore, extra safety margins should
be used with the estimated protection time(s). If this chemical makes direct
contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them
at once.
The GlovES+ expert system is a tool that can help people better manage
protection from chemicals, however this tool cannot replace sound judgment nor
make technical decisions. Our GlovES+ expert system is designed to offer
initial advice and assistance in glove selection while the final glove
selection should be made by knowledgeable individuals based on the specific
circumstances involved.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Estimated Protection Time
Butyl rubber North B-174 0.68 mm 240 min.
Polyvinyl alcohol Edmont 25-545 Unknown 240 min.
*RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-
approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas
cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a
dust/mist filter.
*OTHER: Not available
*STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical at ambient temperatures, and keep
it away from oxidizing materials.
*SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up
all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any
of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic
bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated
with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated
area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified
that the area has been properly cleaned.
*DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
====================
*SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a
physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
*INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in
the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to
transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
*EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
*INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing,
give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a
hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
*SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin,
eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract [269].
-SOURCES
=======
*SOURCES:
[015] Lewis, R.J., Sr. and R.L. Tatken, Eds. Registry of Toxic Effects
of Chemical Substances. Microfiche Ed. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati, OH. Quarterly
Updates. LU3580000.
[017] Weast, R.C., M.J. Astle, and W.H. Beyer, Eds. CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics. 67th Ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton,
FL. 1986. p. C-545, #14846.
[025] Buckingham, J., Ed. Dictionary of Organic Compounds. 5th Ed.
Chapman and Hall. New York. 1982. Vol. 2, pp. 1869-1870,
#D-03890.
[042] Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th Ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1984. p. 2716.
[047] Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle, Eds. CRC Handbook of Data on
Organic Compounds. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.
1985. Vol. II, p. 427, #V00077.
[062] Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis Sr., Eds. Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary. 11th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1987.
p. 1214.
[082] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory: 1985
Edition. 5 Vols. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C. January 1986. Listed.
[110] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Mutagen Information
Center (EMIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Not listed.
[120] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Teratogen Information
Center (ETIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Not listed.
[205] Dean, John A., Ed. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 13th Ed.
McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1985. p. 7-687, #v1.
[240] Grayson, Martin, Ed. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
Volumes 1-24 and Supplement. 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
1978-1984. Vol. 11, p. 508.
[269] Lenga, Robert E. The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data.
Edition 1. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Milwaukee, WI. 1985.
p. 1828, #C.
[275] Aldrich Chemical Company. Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine
Chemical. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. Milwaukee, WI.
1988. p. 1530, #V40-3.
[601] Safety Consulting Engineers Inc. Vapor Pressure Test Results for
Twelve Materials. Report Number 111053-LR. Safety Consulting
Engineers Inc. Rosemont, IL. August 5, 1988.
[610] Clansky, Kenneth B., Ed. Suspect Chemicals Sourcebook: A Guide to
Industrial Chemicals Covered Under Major Federal Regulatory and
Advisory Programs. Roytech Publications, Inc. Burlingame, CA.
1990. Not listed.
[620] United States National Toxicology Program. Chemical Status Report.
NTP Chemtrack System. Research Triangle Park, NC. November 6, 1990.
Not listed.
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